Level of Evidence Pyramid for Systematic Reviews
What the levels of evidence pyramid means in systematic reviews — plain diagram language plus a worked example level.
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Research PDFs in. Defensible tables out.
Extract structured answers for systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and CERs with verbatim quotes, page locations, and review flags in every Excel export.
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In the PDF
Click any answer. See the exact sentence in the PDF.
Four example answers from one open-access trial. The highlight is the sentence behind the answer.
Preview shows the sample-size sentence.
Starling et al., JAMA Network Open, 2024. Voice-Activated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia. DOI · CC BY 4.0. © 2024 Starling CM et al. Highlights added; answers paraphrased. Open the sample PDF.
Built for evidence work
Systematic reviewsMeta-analysesClinical evaluation reportsHTA submissionsHEOR evidence tablesRCTsObservational studiesSafety narrativesComparative effectivenessLiterature screening follow-ups
Literature screening follow-upsComparative effectivenessSafety narrativesObservational studiesRCTsHEOR evidence tablesHTA submissionsClinical evaluation reportsMeta-analysesSystematic reviews
From study PDFs to a review-ready table
A focused extraction path—not another chat-with-PDF toy. Define what you need once, then reuse it across your corpus.
- 01
Upload studies
Drop one PDF or a full batch. Keep moving while files process.
- 02
Define questions
Set the fields your evidence table needs—population, outcomes, follow-up, and more.
- 03
Export with proof
Receive structured Excel plus an Audit Trail sheet: quotes, locations, confidence, flags.
Batch intake
Upload multiple papers and extract against the same question set—ideal for screening follow-ups and living reviews.
Smith_2023_RCT.pdf
12 pages
Chen_2022_Cohort.pdf
18 pages
Garcia_2024_Meta.pdf
24 pages
- Mean age
- Sample size
- Intervention
- Comparator
- Primary endpoint
- Follow-up duration
- Inclusion criteria
- Adverse events
Analysis-ready Excel, not loose notes
Consistent columns for filtering and synthesis—plus a second sheet that keeps every answer accountable.
ResultsAudit Trail
Question
Answer
Flag
Mean age
64.5 yrs
Verified
Follow-up
24 mo
Verified
Endpoint
—
Not found
Every extracted answer keeps its source
Results and Audit Trail ship together - verbatim quotes, page locations, confidence scores, and review flags so the table stays defensible.
Evidence_Table_Export.xlsx
Two sheets · one export| Question | Verbatim | Location | Conf. | Flag |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age | "The mean age of the study population was 64.5 ± 8.2 years at baseline." | Results · Table 1 Page 4 | 98% | Verified |
| Follow-up duration | "Participants were followed for a median of 24 months (IQR 18–30)." | Methods · §2.3 Page 2 | 95% | Verified |
| Sample size | "A total of 412 patients met eligibility and were included." | Abstract Page 1 | 99% | Verified |
| Primary endpoint | "Outcome data not explicitly reported in Table 4." | Results · Table 4 Page 12 | N/A | Not found |
| Intervention | "Active treatment with an SGLT2 inhibitor compared with matched placebo." | Methods · Interventions Page 3 | 81% | Needs review |
| Comparator | "Control participants received matched placebo tablets." | Methods · §2.1 Page 3 | 96% | Verified |
| Adverse events | "Safety events were described narratively without a consistent severity scale." | Results · Safety Page 9 | 74% | Ambiguous |
Extraction without a paper trail is just a guess
Every cell can point back to the source language, the page it came from, and a status flag when the paper is silent or ambiguous.
- Verbatim quotes keep the exact wording behind each answer.
- Locations cite section, table, and page for rapid verification.
- Status flags surface not found, ambiguous, and needs-review answers before you publish.
- Human verification confirms or corrects each answer against the PDF. Highlighted quotes are AI-cited evidence; Verified means a person checked them.
Smith_2023_RCT.pdf
Page 4 · Results · Baseline characteristicsLinked to Excel · Mean age
Table 1 summarizes demographic and clinical characteristics. The mean age of the study population was 64.5 ± 8.2 years at baseline. Sixty-two percent of participants were male.
VerifiedConfidence 98%
Live audit signals
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